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The Trostinets extermination camp, also known as Maly Trostinets, Maly Trastsianiets and Trascianec (see alternate spellings), was a World War II Nazi German death camp located near the village of Maly Trostinets ("Little Trostinets") on the outskirts of Minsk in ''Reichskommissariat Ostland''. It operated between July 1942 and October 1943, by which time, virtually all Jews remaining in Minsk had been murdered and buried there.〔〔 == History == Originally built in the summer of 1941 on the site of a Soviet kolkhoz, a collective farm in size, possibly used as the NKVD execution ground, Trostinets was set up by Nazi Germany as a concentration camp with no fixed killing facilities, for the Soviet prisoners of war who had been captured during Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union after 22 June 1941. The camp became a ''Vernichtungslager'' (extermination camp) on 10 May 1942 when the first consignment of Jews was brought in for "resettlement". Trainloads of Jews from Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic were exterminated. The Holocaust transports were organized in Berlin, Hanover, Dortmund, Münster, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Stuttgart, Nuremberg, Munich, Breslau, Königsberg, Vienna, Prague, Brünn, and Theresienstadt.〔 In most cases, the Jews were killed immediately upon arrival. They were trucked from the trains to the nearby killing grounds at Blagovshchina (Благовщина) and Shashkovka (Шашковка) forests and shot in the back of the neck. The primary purpose of the camp however was the extermination of the substantial Jewish community of Minsk and the surrounding area.〔 Mobile gas chambers deployed at Trostinets performed a subsidiary if not insignificant function in the killing process. These were called "gas vans". Baltic German SS Unterscharführer Heinrich Eiche was the administrator. On 28 June 1944, as the Red Army approached the region, the Germans blew up the camp as part of ''Sonderaktion 1005'', an operation to destroy evidence of genocide. But the Soviets are said to have discovered 34 grave-pits, some of them measuring as much as in length and three to four meters (9.8–13 ft) in depth, located in the Blagovshchina Forest some from the Minsk–Mogilev highway according to the special report prepared by the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission in the 1940s. Only a few Jewish prisoners managed to survive Maly Trostenets.〔 They were liberated by the Red Army and gave first witness testimonies about its existence on July 7, 1944. Original estimates of the number of people killed ranged from 200,000 to more than half a million according to Stalinist authorities. These numbers are now considered greatly exaggerated. Yad Vashem and other historians currently estimate the number of victims at 60,000–65,000 Jews.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maly Trostenets extermination camp」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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